and the dependent villages of Borowe, Budowla, Czerniawka, Glebokie, Glolwece, Golowce, Gromki, Gumienniki, Karpanowce, Kasjanowo, Kozaki, Kuliha, Kulowce, Kurylowce, Lachowce, Lenciszki, Maciuki, Malatycze, Malikowce, Mutwica, Narosze, Oliszkowce, Piaski, Plotki, Prudziany, Puhacze Male, Puhacze Wielkie, Rybaki Male, Rybaki Wielkie, Rewiatycze, Rohanicze, Rynkowce, Sawicze, Sobokanowszczyzna, Skieldycze, Taniewicze, Wampierszczyzna, Zieniaki
 

and the estates and hamlets of Bigowszczyzna, Dabrowa, Dejnarowszczyzna, Dubiczany, Filewicze, Filipowce, Gaudiszki, Helenowo, Jachnowicze, Jurowka Mala, Jurowka Wielka, Kapluny, Kiwiciowce, Korzeniaki, Kozemiski, Kuce, Luciszka, Michalowo, Ostapiszki, Ostrowo, Panstwa, Pasieka, Pieczyszcze, Pilownia, Pozniakowszczyzna, Przybythkowszczyzna, Rewiatycze, Rodziewicze, Ruczaj, Rytelowszczyzna, Samsonowo, Sitkowce, Skundzicha, Smolicha, Sobokanowszczyzna, Sosnobor, Starzynka, Wloki, Wolnomysl, Zablocie, Zabrodzie, Zaniewisza, Zarzecze, Zobja

Nowy Dvor was in Rech Pospolitaya, Grodno Pavet (Grodno Region) at end of sixteenth century. It had one of the oldest Jewish Communities in Lithuania. According to the Grodno Civil Court records, which were kept in the Vilna Legal Archives, court-cases were held between Novidvor's Jews and its Gentiles in the year 1540. In the Book of Records ("Kasinga Pistsova") of the "Grodnian Economy", it was written that in Novidvor, "which is on the Main Road from Grodno to Zabilotzia, a distance of 140 versts from Vilna, 52 versts from Lida, and 28 versts from Shtutshin...", there were, in 1558, Jewish householders and farmers - 12 households. A Jewish "Schola" was also mentioned (it is not clear whether this was a school or a synagogue as both were translated from Yiddish to Polish as "schola").

At about the time of the division of Poland, Novidvor received municipal status from King August II (in 1720); however, Novidvor had already been, since 1678, the seat of the "Starosta" - the governor of all the villages in the area. The Noble, Andrei Gonzitski bought the town from the kingdom's treasury and so became the "Starosta". In 1766, Ignatz Gonzitski became the "Starosta", and the town passed from him to Antony Romer, famous in the history of Poland. In his time, there were 294 tax-paying Jewish households.

In 1887, Nowy-Dvor, in Grodno province, Russian Empire had three wood church and monastery properties, one stone private habitation, 216 wood dwellings, and six wood stores. Novidvor had nineteen Orthodox men and sixteen Orthodox women, 450 Catholic men, and 490 Catholic women, 431 Jewish men and 479 Jewish women, and no Moslems. The total was 900 men and 985 women or a total population of 1,885 out of a total population in Grodno guberniya of 66,9958 men and 64,876 women or 734,834 total. Novidvor had no resident nobility in 1887 while the entire Grodno guberniya had 396 male and 392 female hereditary nobles and 199 male and 392 personal nobles. The clergy in 1887 included 56 male and 71 female White Orthodox clergy (no monks) in the guberniya of which two male and three females were in Novidvor. Fourteen male Catholic clergy in the guberniya (one monk, no nuns) included one in Novi Dvor. The listings for Jewish clergy list eighteen males and thirty-one females in the guberniya and three males and two females in Novi Dvor. No explanation is made of female Jewish clergy. Of the 11,211 male and 11,391 female urban middle-class in the guberniya, 850 males and 960 females lived in Novi Dvor.

In 1928, Nowy Dwor was designated as a miasteczko (small city) and gmina (town) in the Second Uchastok, Lida powiat, Nowogrodskie voevodstvo of Poland. The Justice of the Peace was in Lida and the Justice Court in Wilno. The 1928 miasteczko population was 655. The railway station was thirty-five kilometers away in Skrzbowce, on the Lida-Mosty line. The post office and telephone were in N. Dwor k. Lidy and telegraph in Szczuczyn k. Lidy. Nowy Dwor had one Catholic church and one synagogue. Markets were on Thursdays for all sorts of merchandise. The town had tanneries, mills and brickworks. A rabbi was Yosef Rapp (1873-?).

1558 census(*): Jews held property on Bazarnaya, Dvortzovaya, and Zhidovskaya streets, much of it for gardening. The 1897 population was 500 out of 1,282 residents. [see Russko Yevreishi Archiv., Vol, 1, nos. 236, 243, 282, 303, and Vol. II, No. 720, regesti i Nadpisi.]

(*) not a typographical error!

Sources:
Ksiega Adresowa Handlowa, Warszawa Bydgoszcz 1929
1923/Glowny Urzad Statystyczny Rzechzypospolitej polskiej
Scczuczyn Yizkor Book
Need to convert old Russian units?

Other possible research sources:

• EJ article: Novy Dvor
• Kagan 5170
• EVREISKAYA ENCY.: XI: 769 [4 lines].
• Yad Vashem: 0.3 7431 94058, Russian, 11 May 1994, GLEMBOTZKY, Vladimir, born in OSTRYNA in 1926: Testimony from 1939-1941, Jews of OSTRYNA under Soviet rule; changes in the condition of the Jews, imprisonments, expulsion to work camps in Russia, liquidation of businesses, different cooperatives of experts; refugees from Poland in OSTRYNA and Grodno and their expulsion to Russia; June, 1941, bombing of Grodno; founding of local police; relations between Poles and Jews; end of July 1941, founding of the OSTRYNA ghetto; March 1942, the passage of NOWY DVOR Jews to Ostryna; relations between Jew of SHUCHIN, ASIHSHOUK and DJOLODOK [note: Szczuczyn, Eisiskes, and Zaludok] in the beginning of 1942; murder of 7 Jews in the Ostryna ghetto; Orthodox Jews contributions; end of October 1942, expulsion of Ostryna Jews to transit camp Kielbsin; conditions of life, mass murders, hunger and epidemics, dwellings in underground structures that were next to populations of Soviet prisoners; passage of Ostryna, Nowy Dvor Jews to train station in Lusosna and from there to Auschwitz and the selection there; the passage to Monowice, tattooing

Grodno Archives:
Address: Grodno Region Department, Director: Miss Karina Botrakova, National Belorussian Historical Archives of Grodno
and
National Belorussian Historical Archives, Grodno Region Department,
Director: Miss Karina Brotrakova
Teizengauz Ploschad 2, Grodno 230001Belarus

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