LACKENBACH


History

General History and Geography:

Lackenbach is an Austrian municipality in the District of Oberpullendorf, Burgenland. Its Hungarian name is Lakompak.
It is surrounded by meadows and forests and is located at the foothills of the Ödenburg Gebirge mountain range near the Hungarian border.
Its area is 18.1 km˛, Elevation 313 m, Postal code 7322, Area code 02619

Between 1548 and 1552, a fort was built in Lackenbach, with  brewery and farm lands. 
From 1647,  Lackenbach, like the rest of Burgenland region, was administratively a part of Hungary as part of German West-Hungary, within the framework of the Habsburg monarchy.
Burgenland belonged to Hungary until 1920/21.
After the end of the First World War, the territory of German West-Hungary was given to Austria by the Treaties of St. Germain and Trianon.
Since 1921, the town has belonged to the newly founded State of Burgenland, Austria.

Jewish History:

The first Jew in Lackenbach was mentioned in documents from 1552, possibly after the expulsion of Jews from Sopron (Odenburg).
From 1491 the region was under the administration of Lower Austria, the communities of Burgenland were ruled by local lords, who treated them well.
In 1670/71  Jews had been expelled from Vienna by Leopold I. Many of them settled in Burgenland, where Prince Paul Esterházy accepted them.
Other Jews came from Bohemia and Moravia. In the north of Burgenland they established Seven Communities on the Esterhazy estates , communities where Jews had their own autonomous administration.
These communities were later called: "The seven (Holy) Communities" /  "Sheva Hakehilot (Hakdoshot) - (שבע הקהילות (הקדושות " / "Sieben Gemeinden".
The seven communities were noted for their outstanding yeshivot and eminent rabbis.
Five communities were in Sopron Megye:
Two communities were in Moson megye:
Their language was German; Yiddish was their inner community communication language mainly until the late 1800s; they studied Hebrew from young age;
some of the families and some larger merchants spoke Slovak, Czech, Kroat or Hungarian.
The community in Lackenbach had a Synagogue, a Nikveh, a Jewish School, a Cemetery, and well developed and active Jewish community services, eg Khevra Kadisha burial society, and the club 'Zedokoh', whose role was the administration of the synagogue, the appointment of officials, and the care for visiting foreigners.

Lackenbach Destroyed Synagogue - inside  (from Europeana):
Lackenbach_Synagogue


Lackenbach Destroyed Synagogue - ouside  (from Europeana):
Lackenbach_Synagogue_outside


Jewish population:


The community was established at the 16th century, after the banishment of the Jews from Steierland (Styria) and Sopron.

In 1640 there were 28 Jewish houses in Lackenbach.
In 1729 there were 45 Jewish houses.

In 1735, already 103 families, 449 Jews lived in Lackenbach!
In 1787, 581 Jews lived in Lackenbach.
In 1802 the number went down to 548.
In 1814 the number of Jews increased again to 679 and in 1836 to 753.
In 1836 there were 753 Jews in Lackenbach and in 1842 it jumped up to 1,160!
 Around 1850 the Jewish population in Burgenland was 8,487, in some communities over 50% of the population.
In 1851 there were 1,200 Jews in Lackenbach, out of a total of 1,800 community members (66%!).
In 1869, 779 Jews lived in Lackenbach (approx. 62% of the total population).

In 1890, 677 Jews lived in Lackenbach.
In 1934, 346 Jews lived in Lackenbach (approx. 21% of the total population).
in 1938 the Jewish population in Burgenland was only 3,800.  Some left to Wien or immigrated.

By the end of 1938 there were no more Jews in Lackenbach and no Jews in the whole of Burgenland,
which became the first "Jewish Free" Nazi zone in Europe.

No Jew has returned to Lackenbach after the Holocaust; those who survived immigrated mainly to Israel, USA and England.

Synagogue_Memorial
The Lackenbach Synagogue Memorial is all that was left from the Lackenbach Jewish Quarter

Main source for the above is:
 Historisches Ortslexikon Statistische Dokumentation zur Bevölkerungs- und Siedlungsgeschichte
(Historical lexicon Statistical documentation to the population and settlement history).

The Historische Ortslexikon is a statistical documentation of the Austrian population and settlement history and includes information on population figures and houses. It is used to quantitatively support demographic, historical settlement and culturally-informative work, and offers a wide range of data on regional and local history. The main purpose of this documentation is the inclusion of data from the early statistical (late 18th to mid-19th century) and the "pre-statistical" periods in the quantitative description of the population and settlement history, with the classification of older data into time series ranging up to the most recent data. 

The data collection is supplemented annually and is available to users by means of the website of the Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Institute of Demography of the Austrian Academy of Sciences) free of charge. Data cited are from the general source "Historisches Ortslexikon (Angabe des Bundeslandes)" [Historical Gazetteer (of the Federal State)], as well as specified sources for particular details.

Information on the population status derives from standard population censuses from 1869 to present, from earlier censuses (ecclesiastical soul censuses, military conscriptions, Census 1857) in the "early statistical" period from 1754 to 1857, and from tax, manorial, ecclesiastical or military sources in the "pre-statistical" period.

The Editor of the Historisches Ortslexikon is Dr. Kurt Klein, before retiring an employee (most recently, Vice President) of the Austrian Statistical Office (now Statistics Austria) and a lecturer at the Institute for Economic and Social History at the University of Vienna.


More information about the Jewish population in Lackenbach:



Lakompak (Lakenbach, A[ustria]) An old Jewish community, one of "The seven communities"
(Seve Kehilosz – Sheva kehilot). Documents show that there were Jews living there already in the 16th century (See: M.Pollak - History of the Jews of Sopron), whose numbers were greatly increased by Jews ousted from Styria, Sopron and Vienna. In 1851, out of a population of 1800, 1200 were Jews. They did commerce with the neighbouring Lower Austria, Styria, as well as Sopron. The most prestigious merchants came from the Hacker family. The community suffered a lot during the Bethlen and Rakoczy fights*. Rabbis: Chajim Bucher around 1600, Benjamin b. Majer As (Mhrm As), Salamon Lipschitz, Salom Ullmann (Shalom Charif), Abraham Ullmann, David Ullmann, Moses Deutsch. (M.B.)

* Two major armed insurrections against the Habsburg rule

  Hungarian article from: MAGYAR ZSIDÓ LEXIKON 
  (Translation from Hungarian by Sarah Feuerstein)







The Jewish Cemetery

The Jewish Cemetery is located in the  centre of the town, behind the Church. It is 9,765 m ˛ large. The oldest gravestone is from 1729. 
There are 1747 known graves in the cemetery. It was active till March 1938.
The cemetery has been cared for by the Vienna community's Israelitische Kultusgemeinde, with the help of  The Verein Schalom association.

Cemetery_image

                                                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                                                               See more photos in Cemetery photos


Holocaust

See in Holocaust - Yizkor pages.


Lackenbach today:

Lackenbach Municipality home page

Population Statistics 2006

Lackenbach Schloss Museum             




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